- PRE-MECHANICAL AGE
- MECHANICAL AGE
- ELECTROMECANICAL AGE
- ELECTRONIC AGE
PRE-MECHANICAL AGE
3,000 b.C. – 1450 a.C.
Systems were made that didn’t need any mechanical effort.
COMUNICATION: WRITE AND SPEAK
Cuneiforms: rocks on Mesopotamia with a code
Greek and Romans created the Alphabeth.
Imput technologies: Sumerians started using papyrus* and paper rags. They used to write from top to bottom.
*a thick paper-like material made from the pitch of the papyrus plant.
BOOKS AND LIBRARIES
Mesopotamian leaders kept the earliest books.
NUMERIC SYSTEMS
Egypt numbers and Mayas’ invention of the zero (0).
Abacus was the first calculator. They were made of wood.
WHY ARE NUMBERS IMPORTANT?
- Our processes in our mind are mathematical.
- Numbers are important in our life; are a language.
- Animals don’t develop technology and numbers are technology.
MECHANICAL AGE
1450 – 1840
The 17th century scientific revolution laid the foundations of our modern age.
Inventors began to use techniques and tools.
· Johann Gutenberg
German printer and publisher who introduced printing to Europe. His introduction of mechanical movable type printing to Europe started the Printing Revolution.
· John Napier
Was a Scottish known as a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. Is best known as the inventor of logarithms. He also invented the so-called "Napier's bones" and made common the use of the decimal point in arithmetic and mathematics.
· William Oughtred
Oughtred used two scales sliding by one another to perform direct multiplication and division.
Also introduced the "×" symbol for multiplication as well as the abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for the sine and cosine functions.
French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Christian philosopher. He made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum. Also defended scientific method. He started some pioneering work on calculating machines. He built 20 finished machines (Pascalines) and was one of the first two inventors of the mechanical calculator.
Was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy. Leibniz developed calculus independently of Isaac Newton. His Law of Continuity and Transcendental Law of Homogeneity found mathematical implementation. He became inventor in the field of mechanical calculators. Added automatic multiplication and division to Pascal's calculator. He also refined the binary number system, which is the foundation of virtually all digital computers.
A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage is best remembered for originating the concept of a programmable computer. Considered by some to be a "father of the computer", Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs.
ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE
1840 - 1940
The discover of ways to harness electricity was the key advance made during this period.
Knowledges and information could now be converted to electromechanical impulses.
Alessandro Volta -> Voltaic battery
It was the first battery.
Samuel Morse -> Telegraph
Telegraph was developed in 1830's and 1840's.
It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations.
Samuel Morse developed a code that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet.
Telephone and radio.
In 1876 Scottish Alexander Graham Bell
invented a device that produced clearly replication of the human voice. The telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances. Telephones rapidly became indispensable to businesses and government.
Radio.
In 1864 James Clerk Maxwell showed mathematically that electromagnetic waves could propagate through free space.
Electromechanical computer.
* Tabulating machine (1853).
* Cappable of processing 15-digit numbes and printing out.
* Comptometer (key-driven mechanical calculator).
* Punched cards (1896) data processing applications.
* Cappable of processing 15-digit numbes and printing out.
* Comptometer (key-driven mechanical calculator).
* Punched cards (1896) data processing applications.
ELECTRONIC AGE
This age is not finished yet.
Important discoveries of communication and methods to stay in touch.
TV - 26th January, 1926 by John Logie Baird, London.
In 1937, BBC gets credit for making the first live coverage.
Computer - 1940, used binary numbers.
Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation.
Mobile phone - 1940's. At first, they were radios.
This history focuses on communication devices which connect wirelessly to the public switched telephone network.
In the 1990s, the 'second generation' mobile phone systems emerged (modern mobile phone).
This history focuses on communication devices which connect wirelessly to the public switched telephone network.
In the 1990s, the 'second generation' mobile phone systems emerged (modern mobile phone).
Internet - The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.
The Internet's takeover of the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: more than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007. Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking.
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